What Is Post-Quantum Security and Why Should Organisations Care?

Quantum computing represents a fundamental shift in computing power. Where classical computers rely on bits (0s and 1s), quantum machines use qubits, which can represent multiple states simultaneously. This capability has profound implications. Many of the encryption methods that protect digital systems today could become vulnerable when quantum computers reach scale.Research from sources such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) warns that migration to post‑quantum cryptography (PQC) must begin now rather than later. NIST+2NIST+2

Cloud providers and IT leaders must act in a timely manner. Delaying change may leave long-term data, stored today, in peril tomorrow.

Why Is Today’s Encryption at Risk?

• Traditional public-key algorithms such as RSA and ECC are built on mathematical problems (factorisation, discrete logarithms) which quantum computers could solve efficiently. Wikipedia+1

• Attackers can adopt a “harvest now, decrypt later” strategy: intercept and store encrypted data now, then decrypt it once quantum capability becomes available. cloudflare.com+1

• Government bodies such as the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and Britain’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) have urged organisations, including SMEs, to adopt quantum-safe standards by 2030 or sooner. The Guardian

What Is Post-Quantum Cryptography and How Does It Work?

Post-quantum cryptography refers to a set of algorithms designed so that both classical and quantum computers cannot break them within a reasonable time. NIST+1

Key aspects include:

• Based on mathematical problems thought to resist quantum attacks, such as lattice problems, hash-based constructions and code-based systems.

• Standardisation work by NIST has reached major milestones: algorithms such as CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium are approved for general use. ssh.com+1

• These algorithms are being built into cloud services, certificate systems and secure communications platforms.

Why Must Migration Start Now?

Even if a quantum computer capable of breaking encryption does not yet exist at full scale, preparation is urgent for the following reasons:

• Encryption migrations are slow: replacing keys, updating systems, and re-issuing certificates will take years.

• Sensitive data often has a long lifespan: legal, financial and personal records may require protection for decades.

• Attackers are already collecting data today for future quantum-enabled decryption.

• Cloud providers are establishing quantum-safe options; delaying consumption means falling behind. Barron's

How Are Cloud Providers Preparing for the Quantum Era?

Cloud and managed service providers (MSPs) are adapting their infrastructure in several ways:

• Offering hybrid encryption models: combining current standards with PQC algorithms to maintain compatibility while future-proofing. Cyber Snowden

• Publishing roadmaps for cryptographic agility: enabling systems to change algorithms without major disruption.

• Giving clients visibility of “quantum-safe encryption” options: clients can select services marked as quantum-resistant.

What Should SME Decision-Makers Do?

1. Audit your cryptographic assets today

   • Map where encryption is used (websites, email, devices, cloud storage)

   • Identify which systems still use vulnerable algorithms

2. Engage with your provider about their quantum-safe roadmap

   • Ask about PQC support and migration plans

   • Confirm data centres have quantum-safe options in place

3. Pilot quantum-safe services

   • Choose a non-critical workload to test migration

   • Verify performance, compatibility and security

4. Plan for full migration

   • Establish target dates based on your data’s lifecycle and regulatory requirements

   • Build processes for key and certificate renewal

5. Keep revisiting your plan

   • Review progress quarterly

   • Add fresh examples and guidance as standards evolve

Post-Quantum Security at a Glance

Topic	Why It Matters	Action for SMEs
Encryption vulnerability	Quantum computers threaten existing methods	Map where encryption is used today
PQC algorithms	New maths secure data against quantum attacks	Pilot PQC solutions
Migration timeline	Replacements take years	Start audit and roadmap now
Cloud provider readiness	Providers offer quantum-safe encryption	Confirm PQC support with your MSP

Post-quantum security is no longer theoretical. The move to quantum-safe encryption is underway. Organisations that begin planning now will avoid risk, reduce future disruption and remain trusted custodians of data. For SMEs in the UK, starting the conversation today may be the smartest business decision for tomorrow.

Would you like help aligning this with your current IT roadmap or selecting the right provider?